The Stroop Phenomenon Essays - Neuropsychology, Perception

The Stroop Phenomenon Presentation The stroop wonder is a method of estimating how programmed or deliberate some very much rehearsed assignments are and how we react in strife circumstances. This wonder likewise gauges singular differentiations, innovation and psychological adaptability. The two parts of intellectual improvement that are shown by the stroop task are naming reaction furthermore, checking reaction. At the point when two reactions contend or are in strife, the time required to settle on the right choice is reliant on speed and exactness. In the article Following The Time Course of Picture Word Processing, by M.C. Smith and L.E. Magee; these two analysts found that image naming was influenced by the nearness of incongruent words (Experiment 1). Likewise naming an image was quicker than when a consistent word was available. Along these lines pictures actuate the name code. Another investigation (Experiment 2) showed that memory for pictures and words, regardless of whether they were at first named or classified affected memory. Memory was better for words on the off chance that they have been ordered and for pictures in the event that they have been named. Analysis 3 indicated indistinguishable outcomes from the past two tests. The fourth investigation, with the presentation of less normal objects, subjects could name the words quicker than producing a class name for the words. Naming pictures are inclined to impedance when incongruent words are introduced all the while. Word naming isn't so a lot impacted by diverting pictures. Pictures and words vary in the measure of data to be sifted through, to get the right reaction. The plan of this trial is an inside subject examination as the number of decisions to be made in the wake of survey the improvement on the screen are same for everyone (2,3,4). Additionally the significance versus number decisions (same, extraordinary, clashing) are utilized by everybody. The reliant factors in this trial are normal precision (%) and normal time/reaction (msec). the autonomous variable is the arbitrary improvement which showed up on the screen, regardless of whether it was the equivalent, extraordinary or clashing. In this analyze we were indicated 2, 3, or 4 things on the screen in a randomized structure and needed to choose the correct number of things utilizing 2,3,4 on the console as fast and precisely as could be expected under the circumstances. In this trial, the stroop assignment will be illustrated. When there is no contention between the improvement and reaction to be picked, reactions will be brisk and exact. When there is a contention between the boost what's more, reaction to be made, obstruction will exist and reacting will be increasingly slow precise. Results and Discussion Figure 1 The normal precision in percent for subject 1, was useful for the 'same' condition. At that point they began to diminish when the improvement was 'extraordinary'. This score for subject 1 at the 'extraordinary' condition was the most reduced among every one of the 3 conditions. At the point when the upgrade was 'clashing', subject 1 was losing precision again as was not as high as in the 'same' condition. Subject 1 was less precise in the 'extraordinary' and 'clashing' circumstances. The normal exactness in percent for subject 2, was very predictable, being 100% in all conditions. So this subject had a higher exactness rate than subject 1. Figure 2 Corresponding to average time/reaction in milliseconds, subject 1 was snappier than subject 2. At that point condition where subject 1 eased back down the most was in the 'extraordinary' condition. In the 'clashing' condition, subject 1 sped up more than in some other condition. Subject 2 was very reliable in every one of the 3 conditions comparable to normal time/reaction, with the milliseconds being just 3 or 4 extraordinary from different conditions. For subject 2 the most noteworthy reacting rate was in the 'clashing' condition, trailed by 'same', at that point the 'extraordinary' condition. This shows in the 'clashing' condition, the subjects reaction rate expanded. In the 'unique' condition the reaction diminished. Too on the off chance that one subject has a higher precision rate than another subject, at that point the normal time/reaction will be lower. The stroop task exhibits that the naming reaction (same) is quicker than the reaction utilized while tallying (extraordinary) and that when 2 reactions strife (clashing), an opportunity to settle on a right choice increments. Since individuals discover the 'contention' condition troublesome, they will make more mistakes and set aside more effort to decide the right reaction. So the exactness and reaction rate diminishes in the 'contention' circumstance. The distinction in speed and exactness in the 3 conditions (same, unique, and clashing) was the consequence of the involvement in each explicit condition. The more practice with each condition, the littler the contrasts in speed and exactness among the three conditions. When there

How Food is Viewed in the American Culture Essay examples -- nutrition

A great many people wouldn’t deny that food is fundamental to regular daily existence, yet maybe it has more significance than basically sustaining our bodies. As indicated by Carole M. Counihan, a specialist of human studies, food is imperative to the point that society has developed standards with respect to its utilization. Counihan accentuates in her 1992 Anthropology Quarterly article, â€Å"Food Rules in the United States: Individualism, Control and Hierarchy,† that these principles fill in as the â€Å"means through which people develop reality† (Counihan, 1992, p. 55). Counihan advocates for the significance of considering food decides by clarifying that information about how food is seen in our way of life can complete three things: improve comprehension of different culture’s food rules, permit sustenance instruction projects to work with these principles, and uncover a part of society that keeps up our present separation framework, which has not been altogether analyzed at this point (Counihan, 1992). Through her investigation of food diaries kept by American understudies, Counihan contends that their adherence to food decides recommends that understudies firmly put stock in discretion and independence. Therefore, these convictions strengthen our present social progressions, explicitly classism, prejudice, and sexism. Counihan’s contention that our guidelines about food take into consideration the propagation of sexism is a convincing one that I particularly concur with. I have actually observed my closest companion plan her whole eating regimen and exercise routine dependent on what her beau thinks. In spite of the fact that this article was written in 1992, I accept the message it passes on will at present be relevant in years to come. Counihan’s contention is multifaceted: she investigates a way of thinking that undergrads adhere to specific guidelines about food that have been int... ... is significant. However, since we have done as such, it is significantly progressively significant that we find a way to change what's going on. That’s why the ongoing spotlight on being solid as opposed to thin and crusades like the Dove Beauty Campaign where ladies are urged to see the magnificence by they way they as of now are so momentous to changing what Americans esteem. Despite the fact that Counihan composed this article eighteen years back, it despite everything has applications today. I do scrutinize her examination techniques. Utilizing a little example of food diaries from understudies being educated to think regarding human sciences could slant results. I would be intrigued to see a bigger report done today, particularly with some advancement being made in the adjustment of America’s values. Works Cited Counihan, C. M. (1992). Food Rules in the United States: Individualism, Control, and Hierarchy. Human sciences Quarterly, 65(2), 55-66.

Applied Game Theory For Your Day-To-Day Business Operations

Applied Game Theory For Your Day-To-Day Business Operations Game theory has been one of those disciplines that have reached phenomenal status because it has introduced concepts and methodologies that are deemed by many to be “game-changers” (no pun intended). It first came about in the 1900s, and has been expounded on and progressed since then. However, there are still some questions and doubts on its applicability, especially in the real world and in real-life situations, particularly in daily business operations. © Shutterstock.com | ImageFlowIn this article, we will start with the general definition of 1) the game theory, and continue then with 2) the game theory in day-to-day business.THE GAME THEORYBut first, let us discuss what Game Theory is all about. It is essentially a discipline or a method of strategic thinking where the players will have to make decisions by looking from different perspectives, basically putting themselves in the shoes of the other players and anticipating their possible actions and reactions. The results of playing out these scenarios will be used to make decisions or choices.When used in the context of business, Game Theory is most often used by business managers to figure out what their collaborators and competitors are thinking or planning. It has become a very powerful tool for predicting the outcomes or results of interactions or transactions among a group of players or competitors, where the action of one will have direct effects or impact on the others, an d the others will react according to those actions.What are the elements that compose Game Theory? There are three basic components at play here:A set of players who are involved. In business, these often pertain to individual business managers and firms or companies.A set of strategies which are available for use by the players at specific points during the game. This also encompasses the rules of the game, which are set in order to specify the sequence of all possible moves and actions. The information that are instrumental in strategizing are also covered here.The outcomes for each possible set of strategies or actions, and the expected payoffs based on these outcomes. These payoffs are assumed to be known by all the parties or participating players.Strategizing through the use of Game Theory requires several assumptions to be made. These assumptions are not fool-proof, however, since there are many arguments that could be made against them.Assumption #1: All the players act and think rationally, making choices and performing actions that are in their self-interest. The weakness of this assumption lies on the fact that human nature does not often permit rational thinking, and humans tend to make decisions for reasons other than their own interests.Assumption #2: All the players act strategically, while taking into consideration the responses of their competitors to their actions. This is also not always the case, because there are other drivers to players’ decisions, not necessarily the actions of others. In fact, many business managers even do not make decisions within the strategic context.Assumption #3: The effectiveness of Game Theory is fully realized when all the players are fully aware of, and understand clearly, the payoffs â€" both the negative and positive ones â€" of their choices or actions. It is a fact that most players make decisions even without having all the information. Many even do not care to know the full story behind some actions or responses before deciding on a specific course of action themselves.Game Theory can also be performed in two ways: simultaneous games, where the players make their moves or actions at the same time, without waiting for information on what the other players have chosen or acted upon, and sequential games, where the moves of the players will depend on, and in response to, the previous action or choice of another player.THE GAME THEORY IN DAY-TO-DAY BUSINESSAnyone that plays a key role in high-level and strategic decision-making in an organization should definitely consider learning about, and applying, the Game Theory. They include, but are not limited to, executives, directors, and senior managers.The applicability of Game Theory may be in question by some pundits, but there is no denying the fact that even large and established businesses have openly discussed using Game Theory for their key strategic business decisions.The most common situations where Game Theory becomes most usef ul include:It is especially useful when it comes to analyzing first price sealed bid auctions. A first-price sealed bid auction is a type of auction where the bidders submit their bids â€" sealed and secured â€" and the highest bidder wins. What is analyzed are the behaviors of the bidders, and the factors that come into play when they make the decisions while preparing their bids. In this case, the bids are independent of each other, and are made by the bidders simultaneously.Bargaining activities. Game theory also comes into play when bargaining takes place between or among parties. Examples include negotiations between management and the workers’ union, as well as revenue-sharing negotiations.Product decisions. This is the quintessential area where businesses can “play games” or play out scenarios using the Game Theory. It is actually most frequently used by businesses in making decisions on whether to enter a market or to exit it. Businesses deciding whether to introduce a new product or not may also use a Game Theory.Transactions between Principal and Agent. Principal-Agent decisions can also apply the Game Theory when tackling compensation negotiations as well as incentives to suppliers and business partners.Supply Chain decisions. A huge bulk of the decisions made by businesses involves the supply chain, and some of the more common decisions made involve capacity management, make or buy, and build or outsource.Importance of Applying Game Theory in BusinessMaking business decisions is a daily event for managers. They are always faced with decisions on what to produce, what to procure, and what to sell, followed by decisions on how much they should spend in producing or in procuring, and what price they should set when they sell. There are so many tools used to come up with decisions, and one of these tools is Game Theory.We can enumerate several reasons why business managers should consider using the Game Theory in its business operations.To reduce business risk. Simulations have been employed by business managers in their risk analysis methodologies. Applying game models is effective in determining equilibrium within the market. Risk analysis makes use of Game Theory in determining optimal price strategy, expected market shares, expected income and number of customers, while obtaining information about the company, the market, the competitors, and the technologies in use, among others.To obtain insights regarding the competition and the overall competitive landscape of the business and the industry. One of the best ways to be competitive is to know your competition. Using Game Theory is very effective in getting information on the various factors related to the competitiveness of the business. The core addresses the question “what are my rivals or opponents thinking?” They want to know what their competition’s next move is â€" their motivations, their strategies, their strengths and their weaknesses, and use all these information to change the game and increase the value of their own business proposition.To improve internal decision-making processes. By playing out business scenarios, companies become more confident in their decisions, and management is more inclined to have greater involvement in the internal decision-making processes.Business managers must beware, however, of how they use Game Theory. It is not a management tool that they can use as a substitute for experience in business. It is merely a tool, or a guide, for them to go about their tasks or roles as business managers.Game Theory applied in Pricing DecisionsThe pricing decisions of a company can be highly influenced by the pricing choices or decisions of rival companies. One popular example was the price-chopping decisions initiated by Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) on their desktop and mobile processors.Intel and AMD are considered to be competitors in a highly specialized niche, and both are in a tight race to gain a l arger share of the market. The first move was taken by Intel, who initiated a price slash on its desktop and mobile processors. AMD reacted by implementing a similar price cut, even if it meant potential losses or decrease in revenues.This price war resulted to both companies seeing significant increases in unit sales and shipments of their products â€" a sign of an increase in their market potential. However, their revenues saw a drop, and so did the profits.The concept of ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’ is apparent in this example. Prisoner’s dilemma is best represented by a situation where two criminals, who are accomplices, are interrogated in two separate rooms. The interrogators are not in possession of sufficient evidence or information to make a conviction, so they have to find a way to facilitate a confession. They present each of the suspects with two choices: either defect, or confess to the crime and get a lighter punishment or jail sentence, or they could cooperate, or ref use to say anything, and suffer the punishment due them.The interrogators make it a point to inform both suspects that the other is fully aware of the deal and its connotations. Thus, each of them will make a decision without knowing what the other’s actions will be.If the two suspects decide to defect and make a confession, they will both get the full brunt of the punishment and be sentenced the standard jailtime. If, however, one suspect confesses and the other stays quiet, it is the latter who will get the jail sentence â€" often even longer â€" while the one who confessed gets off with a lighter sentence, or even walks away scot-free.In the AMD and Intel example, AMD reacted with a price slash of its own after Intel made the move first. But what followed was a series of price cuts that could only be described as a “repetition of interactions”. Both companies are aware of each other as long-time competitors, and that they will be playing the same game for a long time to com e. Thus, they have the choice on whether to cooperate with each other and kept their prices higher, or they could engage in mutual price-chopping actions.Game Theory applied in Supply Chain Design DecisionsMany assume that Game Theory applies only to getting the pulse of competitors. However, it can also apply to the relationship of companies with their supply chain partners. Supply chain management can be facilitated by Game Theory concepts.The game can be played in one of two ways. A non-cooperative game is where the players are unable to make binding commitments before making a choice or deciding what strategy to implement. On the other hand, making such commitments is possible in a cooperative game, which means that players can form coalitions and make side-payments.Let us say, for example, that there is only one wholesaler of Product A. All retailers will source their inventory from this single supplier. If there is more than one supplier, however, it becomes a different ball g ame altogether. There are now two suppliers competing for product availability. If the first supplier has unavailable stocks, or are unsatisfactory, the retailers can turn to the other supplier. The payoffs enjoyed by the two players will differ, dependent on several factors such as demand, price and customer satisfaction.Taking into account the Game Theory assumption that all players are acting on their self-interests, it is important to note that their individual choices, when taken as a whole, do not always mean that the supply chain is optimized, or that it is able to enjoy an optimal payoff. Consider the fact that there are multiple players, or companies; this means that the supply chain is decentralized. If you compare it to a centralized chain, with only one or two suppliers, there is a significant difference between the profits. Obviously, the profits in the decentralized supply chain will be lower than that of the centralized chain.Game Theory in Managing Shareholder ValueA performing company is able to provide value to its stakeholders and shareholders. In order for the company to perform well, top management â€" all the way down to the rank-and-file â€" are expected to pull their weight. It is a collective effort, as all are working for everybody, instead of one group focusing on its own compensation without care for the others.Game Theory has been applied in efforts to create compensation schemes that effectively align the interests of all stakeholders of the company: the managers and the workers (the agents), and the shareholders (the principals).It is a given that the shareholders do not have direct control over the actions of the managers and the workers of the company. They also cannot directly monitor them. That does not mean, however, that they are entirely helpless. By offering incentives, they can have a say â€" albeit indirectly â€" on how the managers and the workers should act. These are commonly seen in the relationships between real es tate agents and prospective property and home buyers, and that of franchisees and franchisors.Through Game Theory, we are able to get more than a glimpse of the interactions of agents and use the information obtained in making strategic decisions.Game Theory in Making Entry and Exit DecisionsEntrants to new markets are faced with many questions and dilemmas. This is a decision so huge that a significant amount of research, information-gathering and analysis is required.Say, for instance, that Company B is looking to enter a new market in a South American country. Currently, there is one similar firm â€" Company A â€" operating in that market. Company B’s decision-making process would consider the following:Will Company B make a profit once it enters the market? How will Company A react to the entry, and will the reaction affect the potential profitability?How much investment will entering the market require from Company A? Will Company B’s reaction affect the investment costs?Co mpany B will have to consider all the possible reactions of Company A. Company A can choose to welcome Company B, letting it get a share of the market it used to solely own. Or Company A can choose to start a price war with Company B, cutting its prices in order to maintain its stake on the market.Through Game Theory, Company A can decide whether it would be accommodating to Company B, or if it would be aggressive. Drawing a game tree using the information available in order to see what strategy would be most beneficial or have the bigger payoff.Granted, Game Theory might not be the best or most recommended analysis tool out there for businesses, but no one can deny its usefulness when it comes to day-to-day business operations. Business operations revolve around strategies and interactions â€" essentially a “game” â€" and this discipline tackles a game that involves a strategic interaction between players, with outcomes and payoffs waiting at the end.

Being Professionals Nurses And Being Educational Role As...

As being professionals nurses and being educational role as mentors we have a great responsibility to deal with students who are failing or we could say whose practise are giving a cause of concern. But for a very long time it was a subject which was not very much talked about or it was brushed under the carpet. It is quite understandable that it can be very distressing not only for the student but for the person who makes that decision or judgement. It came to lime light only after Cathering Duffy’s research was published in 2004 and we know it had a huge impact in the mentorship and that one of the reason that we are learning, talking about it and even looking at different ways of managing it. When the code published by nursing and midwife council provides standards of performance for nurses and midwifes, one of its key role is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of public. Even though this code of conduct seems relatively straight forward, it is very difficult in implementing those in practise. Sutcliff which is very significant vies shared by Hannah Sutcliff and ii agree with Sutcliff it on this matter because the patient and nurse relationship is very complex and it can be incredibly difficult to measure this However on the other hand we as mentor nurses , we are also are bound by the code of conduct mentoring our students which definitely involves continuously assessing them and giving them a plan of a direction to follow on their learning journey, so that they canShow MoreRelatedFacilitation of Learning1390 Words   |  6 Pagesill look at how my role as a mentor can facilitate learning and promote effective assessment in practice and also explore my role to support the students who are failing. 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The education needed to pursue certification as an acute care nurse practitioner is very competitive and requires individuals

Human Resources - 1996 Words

December 28, 2014 - January 3, 2015 |Dec 28 Sunday |Jan 1 Thursday | | |New Years Day | |Dec 29 Monday |Jan 2 Friday | |†¦show more content†¦| | | | |Jan 12 Monday |Jan 16 Friday | | | | |Jan 13 Tuesday |Jan 17 Saturday | | | | |Jan 14 Wednesday |Notes | |Show MoreRelatedHuman Resource And Human Resources2538 Words   |  11 Pages Human resources departments, has fueled the need for exceptional talent, Human resources is a departments, in some companies it has become a global workforce. Human resource offered Challenges, however, on the positive side, people can be hired for all kind of opportunities† human resources can consist of a group of people or one person. Human resources is over hiring, firing, training, and managing, also supplying a good benefit package, many companies has a human resource department whichRead MoreHuman Resources : Human Resource Professionals1709 Words   |  7 PagesHuman resource professionals use several different methods to make sure that they have the best employees they can possibly have, as well as attain new ones. Human resources is a job all about the people that one works with. It is a job that keeps people safe, makes sure one’s rights are protected, helps generate a profit through the type of employees one hires, and a job that strives to give employees every opportunity to succeed. 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Human Resources (HR) or Human Resource Management (HRM) depending on your view point, has ultimately defined employees as a commodity. Where once there was security and familiarity within our employment; â€Å"security, permanent flux and change without beginning or end have become the established norm and this has had a consequential impact on the attitudes of employees

Cocacola Company Free Essays

The Coca-Cola Company Name Institution The Coca-Cola Company The Coca-Cola Company deals with the manufacture of beverages that are non-alcoholic. The Coca-Cola Company has over four hundred brands in many countries of the world. The Company is responsible for manufacturing, distribution and marketing of the beverage product. We will write a custom essay sample on Cocacola Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now It uses a franchised system of distribution where the concentrated syrup is sold to bottlers that are in most countries (Coca Cola Company Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The refreshment Company is Centralized with Human Resource staff that are highly experienced. Centralization in the company helps improve employee’s relation and benefits the consultants (Hays, 2004). The Coca-Cola Company has a mission of refreshing the world, inspiring moments of optimism and creating value as well as making a difference. The vision of the Company states what the Company aims at achieving. The Company has an emphasis on the customers, partners, portfolio, profit making and productivity of the Company (Foster, 2008). The Company uses a multi-divisional matrix because of its huge size and scope of operation. Coca-Cola Company has many International staffs in the separate International Divisions that it owns. They are all isolated from the main head office as they are located in Africa, Europe, Pacific, Latin and North America. These divisions are further divided according to the geographical location. This is crucial since it helps in decision making at the local level of the region (Isdell Beasley, D, 2011). When decisions about the Company product are made at the local level, the Coca-Cola Company is able to change with the demands in the market. Such an organizational structure is effective for a big Company. Coca-Cola Company has close-fitting operations that are operated from the head office. The organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is aimed at meeting the sensitivity of the market in the region where the Company is located (Kalapos, 2006). The organizational structure of the Coca-Cola Company is designed to fulfill its own requirements. There both formal and policies and rules within the Company. The structure helps in the facilitation of communication and authority within the Company (Hays, 2004). For the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company to be effective, it should clarify employees’ responsibilities so as to eliminate any possible obstacles. Designing the organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company is the process since all resources must be coordinated in an effective way. This helps curb competition in the environment where Coca-Cola Company is located. The structure is required to be flexible, constantly change and evolve with the changes in the environment. Coca-Cola Company organizational design in any region of the world needs to learn faster, execute its roles quickly and change easily for it to maintain and increase its market share in the area (Hays, 2004). The Coca-Cola Company fins benefits in standardization because of the many acquisitions that are made by the company. It does not use local policies but uses shared policies for the entire company. This is aimed at ensuring that the customer experience is similar for their interaction. Standardization in the company helps in retention and recruitment. The idea of hiring highly motivated and competent personnel to work in the company is an emerging issue. It is crucial for the company to have skilled employees for success reasons (Isdell Beasley, D, 2011). Coca-Cola Company has mass production, and it must hence use mechanized structures for efficient production. The Coca-Cola Company does not produce the end products, but it distributes the concentrated syrup to bottlers to sell the product. To boost the Company performance, the lower management has been involved in the company’s activities, and this instills a sense of responsibility to them. Coca-Cola Company has worked out on ways aimed at reducing bureaucracy and speed the process of decision making. (Coca Cola Company Quality Information Publibhers, 2007). Decision making within the company is done through incremental process where it does not readily decide on the creation of new products (Hays, 2004). The decision making process within Coca-Cola Company can be termed as unstructured since the model involves those in the lower management even in decision making (Hays, 2004). Unstructured decision making is useful to the Company as it helps in solving problems and decision making process within the company. (Hays, 2004). Coca-Cola Company helps in environmental and climate protection efforts. The Company has good programs to balance on the use of water in the line of production (Hays, 2004). The Company has many water initiatives in various communities as well as efforts to conserve soil and climate (Coca Cola Company Quality Information Publishers, 2007). The lifecycle of Coca-Cola Company products starts from the ingredients used in the manufacture of the syrup, packaging, manufacturing, distribution, refrigeration and storage, consumption and finally recycling the cans (Isdell Beasley, D, 2011). Coca-Cola Company was started in 1886 in Atlanta, Georgia, USA. The founder of the Company who was John Pemberton sold it to Asa Chandler who named it Coca-Cola Company in 1892 (Isdell Beasley, D, 2011). There is a competitive advantage between the Coca-Cola Company and the distributors. There is a symbiotic relationship that is interdependent where the failure or success of one has an impact on the other (Pendergrast, 1993). Over a year, the Coca-Cola Company has built strong brands of drinks which cannot be imitated by its competitors (Pendergrast, 1993). COCA-COLA COMPANY STAKEHOLDERS| METHOD OF COMMUNICATION | BOTTLING PARTNERS | ISSUES CONSULTATION | EMPLOYEES| SURVEYS | NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS| ISSUES CONSULTATION | SHAREOWNERS | REGULAR COMMUNICATION AND CONSULTATION | SUPPLIERS| REVIEW MEEETINGS | COMMUNITIES| CONSULTATION AND INTERVEW | CONSUMERS| FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS AND INTERVIEWS| The table shows the method of communication used by Coca-Cola Company in reaching out to its stakeholders. Organizational structure of Coca-Cola Company Coca-Cola Company president | Staff Manufacturing Plant | Finance Marketing | Europe Division, Latin America, Division, North America Division, Africa Division, Pacific Division | Many Subdivisions | References Coca Cola Company. , Quality Information Publishers. (2007). Historic vending machine films. Asheville, N. C. : Quality Information Publishers. Hays, C. L. (2004). Pop: Truth and power at the Coca-Cola Company. London: Hutchinson. Isdell, E. N. , Beasley, D. (2011). Inside Coca-Cola: A CEO’s life story of building the world’s most popular brand. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Kalapos, G. (2006). Fertility goddesses, groundhog bellies ; the Coca-Cola Company: The origins of modern holidays. Toronto: Insomniac. Bell, L. (2004). The story of Coca-Cola. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media. Pendergrast, M. (1993). For God, country, and Coca-Cola: The unauthorized history of the great American soft drink and the company that makes it. New York: Scribner’s. How to cite Cocacola Company, Papers

Report on Leadership in Organization Tabular Format

Question: Describe about the Report on Leadership in Organization for Tabular Format. Answer: The report is given in the tabular format, it states the key learning outcomes from the report, the essential skills that leader has to develop their importance in life and how will they benefit. What has been achieved by undertaking the study is that leadership is an essential skill required to lead the life. There were barriers faced while undertaking this report, but with through study and analysis m the hurdles were crossed and the skills acquired were mentioned. The report gave an in depth knowledge on the leadership attributes. Why it is essential to develop such qualities and how the leader should be. Key / Important Learning Why are they important? How will you benefit from them? Leadership is an essential skill required to run an organization effectively. A leader is a person who can take organization to reach different heights. He leads the way for his subordinates. He needs to possess analytical, social, and emotional skills to deal with the people. He has to motivate his team to overcome their shortcomings and aim for better efficiency. A leader should be self aware, self motivated and emotionally in control of himself. He needs to possess the quality of decision making and time management. A leader should lead by examples. He should work in such a way that his team mates and subordinates idolise him. Leadership is a skill which is required in life. If a person is a good leader, he will always be successful. He can work with any organization and can make it reach successful heights. Leadership skills are essential to lead a good life. Every skill that a leader possesses will help him in leading an organized life. Leadership qualities develop a person in every aspect whether professional or personal. They help you develop a balance in life, and an optimistic approach towards every difficult situation. Leadership qualities develop the strength of the character. By going through this topic in depth, I gathered the knowledge on how to be a leader in life. It is not only essential to adapt these traits in professional life but also in personal life. If a person has an optimistic approach and courage, then he will never get defeated. I analysed myself, the strengths and weakness of my character, the opportunities that lie ahead of me and how can I make the best out of what I have and how can I strive harder for success. It gave me an insight that leadership is a way of leading life with integrity and compassion. Achievement of Module Objectives How will it contribute to your personal development? How will it impact your professional life? The objective of the module was to analyse the leadership of an organization, analyse their style and to help them increase their organisational effectiveness. The module also emphasised on leadership qualities, roles that a leader assumes, skills that are essential for a leader and how emotional intelligence is also important for increasing organizational effectiveness. The objective was to make us analyse our strengths and weakness as leader. To develop leadership qualities that will help us to be successful in life. After completing the module, I analysed myself. This is a foremost thing a leader has to do. I listed down my strengths and weakness and the potential areas i could explore for my personal development of leadership qualities. I gathered the knowledge as to how to respond to critical situation with calm mind, analysis and optimism. This has given me a whole new perspective to see things in my life. I would like to lead by examples and become enhance my social skills. Professionally, leadership is the most important aspect. If a person is a good leader, he is assured of success coming his way. It gave me insight as to how to deal with subordinates and how to be a motivator rather than a pushover. I gathered that to increase the efficiency of myself and the people around me, I need to have a perspective where I can analyse things critically. I would like to instil these leadership qualities in me, so that they help me when I start my corporate career. Barriers or Obstacles Faced How did you overcome them? While undertaking this report, I was puzzled as to what is the most essential quality that a leader must possess. All the qualities are equally important for a leader to lead, whether in professional or personal life. The leader has to undertake so many responsibilities with integrity and do justice with all of them. The hurdle was to compile these leadership qualities, because there are so many qualities that are essential and skipping out on one would mean that it is not significant. To overcome this hurdle, I assumed myself to be a leader of an organization and then think of what skills would be foremost in fulfilling my responsibility with justice. I was able to gather a few skills that were absolutely mandatory for the situation which were critical. The rest strengths of the character I could manage to leave for now, and was able to focus on the most important ones. Skills Acquired How are they important to your future learning? How are they important to your professional work? The skills acquired during the making of this report were how to lead yourself first before leading others and the organization. Emotional intelligence is also an integral part of the character, it is essential to harness it and develop social skills along with critically thinking skills and timely decision making. Skills of analysing the situation and maintain an optimistic and calm approach are also required to lead people. Leading people is a skill that has to be developed. To be successful in both personal and professional life, it is empirical to develop most of these skills. To shape a future where the possibility of leading an organization has to be very high, these skills need to be adapted in the character. Most important is to be self aware and be emotionally equipped to deal with people. Professionally adapting all the skills would be extremely beneficial. These skills would help me throughout my career, to lead in a better manner, to increase the efficiency, to make people around me happy and to get them work harder and achieve better results. These skills would help me to be the best version of me and give my cent percent to the organization I am associated with. Other Reflections The report has helped me in analysing my potential as a leader. I gathered the knowledge as to what is the most critical skill to develop which would be foremost in understanding people and leading them righteously. The learning outcomes gave me deep insight that leadership is essential in every phase of life. A leader is a person who has to lead by examples, be responsible and most importantly be the best version of himself in every possible aspect. A leader should thrive on challenges and should make the best out of every opportunity. Conclusion The report gave me an insight on how to critically think before making any decision. It also gave me the point that I need to include in my strength of the character. Self awareness and analysis is important for a person to be successful in life. A leader has to imbibe these qualities in life to become successful.

Medea’s choice Essay Example

Medea’s choice Essay G. Show how Medea’s choice of action is as much affected by the fact that she is a stranger among the Corinthians as by the fact that Jason is marrying another woman. (Factor in how Jason’s marriage to a Corinthian princess now makes him an insider. What is his argument with regard to how that will help Medea and their two boys?)With the lamentations of the Chorus alone, the adultery committed by Jason is very well established.   It is by the other factors and circumstances that surround the adultery that pushes Medea to, not only kill Creon and his daughter, but her sons, as well.   Specifically, it was her state of exile and her being an outsider in Corinth that pushed her to despair hence her ultimate act of familicide.From the very beginning of the play, the Chorus sets the mood by discussing the current state of Medea.For Jason hath betrayed his own children and my mistress dear for the love of a royal bride†¦ She, poor lady, hath by sad experience learnt how good a thing it is never to quit ones native land.   (Euripides, I. 1-45)With these two lines at the beginning of the play, the audience is informed of the motivation of the plot of the play.   At the same time, pity is shown to Medea for being a foreigner in a land at a time that this particular travesty occurred.   It is this fact that Medea was a foreigner that aggravated her rage towards Jason.   Initially, Medea was weeping for the crime done to her and her inability to find solace anywhere in Corinth as she was a foreigner and had neither friends nor family in the region as she fully declared in front of the Corinth ladies:For there is no just discernment in the eyes of men, for they, or ever they have surely learnt their neighbor’s heart, loathe him at first sight, though never wronged by him; and so a stranger most of all should adopt a citys views; nor do I commend that citizen, who, in the stubbornnessof his heart, from churlishness resents the citys wil l†¦thou hast a city here, a fathers house, some joy in life, and friends to share thy thoughts, but I am destitute, without a city, and therefore scorned by my husband, a captive I from a foreign shore, with no mother, brother, or kinsman in whom to find a new haven of refuge from this calamity. (I.215-272)This raw emotion was exacerbated by the following incidents after venting out to the Corinth ladies.   After this conversation, Creon arrives and banishes her and her sons out of Corinth for fear that Medea will do harm to himself and his daughter.   This act of banishment, confirms her status as a foreigner in Corinth wherein she had no right to stay in the country and can be exiled if the sovereign so wished.   This pushed Medea into a state of despair as at this point Medea, who after helping Jason to acquire the Golden Fleece and who had burned the bridges because of it, had nowhere to go to once banished.Whither can I turn me now?   To my fathers house, to my own country, which I for thee deserted to come hither? I am become the bitter foe to those of mine own home, and those whom I need neer have wronged I have made mine enemies to pleasure thee. (I. 451-512)Because of the sorrow that exile will cause her children, she pleaded to Creon to allow her a day to make preparations, only to be informed by Jason that her sons will be taken into the palace as adopted sons of Creon’s daughter.   Thus it was only Medea that will be banished.What happier device could I, an exile, frame than marriage with the daughter of the king? Tis not because I loathe thee for my wife-the thought that rankles in thy heart; tis not because I am smitten with desire for a new bride, nor yet that I am eager to vie with others in begetting many children, for those we have are quite enough, and I do not complain. Nay, tis that we-and this is most important-may dwell in comfort, instead of suffering want (for well I know that every whilom friend avoids the poor), and that I might rear my sons as doth befit my house; further, that I might be the father of brothers for the children thou hast borne, and raise these to the same high rank, uniting the family in one,-to my lasting bliss. (I. 512-572)This statement of Jason had totally severed Medea from Corinthian society as well as her family – her last and only sanctuary.   As evidenced by Jason’s statement, the main motivation for him to have married Creon’s daughter was to get a foothold in Corinthian society thus ending his state of exile.   Being an exile like Medea, he believed that the only way to secure a future for his sons was to provide them with a homeland and citizenship.   Initially, as Jason and Medea adventured, they amassed an amount of enemies that made both of them exiles from numerous lands and this state was a commonality that gave refuge to both Jason and Medea – a unifying factor apart from the love that they felt.   The Jason’s a dulterous marriage destroyed this and the adoption of Medea’s sons sealed Medea’s aloneness and expulsion, from society, her family and her refuge.The Chorus recognizes the sorrow brought about by Medea’s complete exile after Medea’s argument with Jason by stating:O my country, O my own dear home! God grant I may never be an outcast from my city, leading that cruel helpless life, whose every day is misery. Ere that may I this life complete and yield to death, ay, death; for there is no misery that doth surpass the loss of fatherland. (I.623-686)Upon initial reading this line would seem disconnected with the scene prior and the rest of the speech of the chorus which focuses on the infidelity of Jason.   But it is this lack of a â€Å"home† that finally pushes Medea to enact her revenge.†¦for I will slay the children I have borne; there is none shall take them from my toils; and when I have utterly confounded Jasons house I will leave the land , escaping punishment for my dear childrens murder, after my most unholy deed†¦ what gain is life to me? I have no country, home, or refuge left. (I. 866-924)â€Å"Jason’s house† serves as a double meaning in this line when Medea states her plot.   Jason’s house in this case means the palace that he will now be living in, symbolizing the royal family that he currently belongs to.   It also means Jason’s stability in the land of Corinth.   Normally to own a house in a land signifies that the owner is a citizen of that land and has every right in owning property in that land.   â€Å"Confounding Jason’s house† would mean destroying his stability in the land that he has adopted.   Finally, it also means that Medea intended to destroy any hopes of Jason to build a family in Corinth.In conclusion, the actions of Medea in exacting revenge is a complete and total act of vengeance that encompasses every single crime that Jason committ ed against her – namely, adultery, expulsion and sequestration of everything Medea held dear.   In consequence, Medea killed his new bride, the cause of his adultery; Creon – the cause of her banishment; and his sons – the symbol of a new future out of exile and an image of home.   All of which represent everything that Jason took away from Medea her marriage, her residence in Corinth and her family which was her refuge and her home.   If Jason, and maybe Creon, did not validate her state of being an outsider and stranger, then maybe she would not have resorted to that heinous act.   However, as she herself had stated, â€Å"what gain is life to me? I have no country, home, or refuge left,† despite her initial hesitancy, she had no alternative course but to kill her own sons.;Reference:Euripides. â€Å"Medea.† Great Books of the Western World: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, Aristophanes Vol. 5 Ed. Robert Maynard Hutchins. London: William Benton, 1952. 212-223.

5 Easy Snow Ice Cream Recipes

5 Easy Snow Ice Cream Recipes There are actually a few different recipes for snow ice cream. Here are some of the most common recipes: Snow Ice Cream Without Eating Snow This first recipe uses snow and salt to freeze the ice cream (an example of freezing point depression), but this recipe doesnt involve actually eating the snow (the rest of the recipes do). This is a great recipe if you want to play with the snow, but dont consider it clean enough to eat. Fill a gallon freezer bag halfway full with snow or crushed ice.Add ~6 tablespoons of salt to the snow. This will lower the freezing point of the snow so you can freeze your ice cream.In a quart Ziploc bag, mix:1/2 cup half and half1 tablespoon sugar1/2 teaspoon vanilla extractZip up the quart bag, squeezing out any excess air and put it inside the gallon bag.Close up the gallon bag, again removing any excess air since it makes mixing difficult.Wear gloves or else put a dry kitchen towel between your hands and the snow/salt bag. Squish the bags with your hands until the ice cream is frozen.Remove the smaller bag and enjoy your frozen treat! Classic Snow Ice Cream Recipe This is a classic recipe that works really well because the sweetened condensed milk is thick and helps hold quickly melting snow together. 1 gallon or a big bowl of clean snow (if you like, you can put the bowl outdoors to collect it as it falls)1 14-oz can of sweetened condensed milk1 tsp vanilla extract Mix the ingredients together and eat the snow ice cream. Yummy! Easy Snow Ice Cream Recipe 1 gallon or a big bowl full of snow1 cup sugar1 tsp vanilla extract1 cup cream or milk Again, just mix the ingredients together. You get the idea. Chocolate Snow Ice Cream a big bowl of snow1 cup sugar1 cup chocolate milk Another Chocolate Snow Ice Cream Recipe a big bowl of snow1 14-oz can of sweetened condensed milkchocolate syrup or cocoa powder, to taste Other Snow Ice Cream Variations Some people like to substitute rum for the vanilla. You could add pureed fruit, such as strawberry or peaches. You may enjoy making a sort of snow ice cream float made by dropping a scoop of snow ice cream into your favorite soda. Snow ice cream does not re-freeze well, so mix the ice cream and eat it immediately. Enjoy!

Knowledge Management Individual Assignment Essay

Knowledge Management Individual Assignment - Essay Example Knowledge Management is one of the hottest topics in the fields of management and information technology. Several activities are involved in the process of knowledge management. Out of the many, the most commonly cited and discussed knowledge management activity is knowledge sharing or transfer (Ford, et al., 2003). Knowledge sharing is observed to be critical towards the success of today’s business organisation (Davenport, and Prusak, 1998). This is so because it results in deployment of knowledge to certain organisational portions at a rapid rate which can prove to be highly beneficial for the organisation (Syed-Ikhsan, and Rowland, 2004). Knowledge management can thus be considered as a socio-technical system that includes different form of storage, generation, sharing and representation of knowledge. Specific functional features of knowledge management are found to be always based on certain assumptions that are inherent to the cultural backgrounds of the people who either create or manage them. However, if people having national or professional cultural backgrounds use these systems in a way that differs from those intended by its designers, it might actually result in inhibiting the process of knowledge sharing in organisations (Branch, 1997). This study entails about analysing the impact that organisational culture has on the knowledge sharing environment of the companies in general. Communities of Practice and Knowledge Management Communities of Practice (CoPs) have received renewed attention in the recent years mainly in the field of different ways of managing the social and human aspects of knowledge dissemination and creation within the firms. One can find various existing literature that are related to the discussion of CoPs in the knowledge management literature (Davenport, and Prusak, 1998; Wasko, and Faraj, 2000; Wenger, et al., 2002; Ardichvili, et al., 2003). Lave, and Wenger (1991) were the first to coin the term community of practice a nd it can be defined as a system of activity wherein the participants are involved in sharing their understanding related to their present activities performed in the organisation and how they are valued in their lives and the communities. One of the assumptions that is central to the concept of CoP is that community members who are adjudged to be less experienced are involved in a learning process received from the social interactions with the community members who are considered to be experts of a specific domain of knowledge (Lave, and Wenger, 1991). One of the most important benefits of CoP is its ability to generate or disseminate tacit knowledge. This type of knowledge cannot be communicated easily because most of the times it is either embedded in a particular context or is intuitive in nature (Nonaka, 1994). This type of tacit knowledge possessed by an organisation is believed to be critical towards the sustainable competitive advantage gained by the companies because others cannot easily copy or imitate it (Liedtka, 1999). Brown and Duguid (1991) have argued that internalising and sharing tacit knowledge needs

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) Essay

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) - Essay Example In itself, the recruitment process should be well structured and organized in order to achieve the required skillful labor. After recruitment, a systematic training approach should be employed in order to induce the new recruits in their designed positions. In Silver Creek Winery Company, there is a need for business expansion. This requires an effective recruitment procedure to fill the job positions that will arise during this development. This report will assist the manager of Silver Creek Company, Julia, to implement an effective staffing process. Foundations of human resource management Business management refers to the use of management skills to utilize the fundamental business resources in order to optimize the profit. The growth and future of a company can only be shaped by effective management strategies. Being a developing company, Silver Creek requires well schemed management strategies in order to achieve the effective expansion and to exploit its potential of growth. Th e various challenges facing this company demand for proper planning in order to come up with a prompt solution. These plans should be implemented in all the entities of this business. As the Human Resource manager, Julia carries the greater burden of the company as the future of the company lies on her shoulders. This report will assist Julia to employ Human resource planning, job analysis and training in the recruitment process in order to facilitate the staffing required during expansion of the company. Human resource planning is a crucial tool that is employed in the recruitment process. It is used in determining the current and future human resource that a particular business requires in order to achieve its set goals (Hartel & Fujimoto, 2010). It requires that the human resource requirements are established and a proper plan designed to satisfy these requirements. This goes hand in hand with the financial resource allocation for the entire process. The manager has a role to bud get for the process effectively, in order to achieve a successful output. Recruitment refers to the use of management skills to induce the right labor resource, with the right skills at the right time. This resource should just be adequate, without shortage or surplus. This is the greatest role of a human resource manager. In theory, Human resource planning can be used to design the staffing process in any organization, be it small or large (Hartel & Fujimoto). This process can be implemented in a number of stages. First, the company should assess the current human resource capacity of the business organization. At this stage, the skills and knowledge of the available employees should be established. To achieve this, academic documents should be used. For instance, the certificates are effective in establishing the area of specialization and the special skills that an employee possesses. Also, the day to day performance of the employees should be monitored in order to learn the pote ntials of all the employees. Secondly, it would be important to determine the future needs of human resource. Here, the manger focus is on the positions that are likely to arise in the future, and the skills that will be necessary. These parameters should relate to the dynamic state of the market. Then, a gap analysis should be conducted in order to estimate the difference between the position of the organization at the moment and that in the future. Finally, a restructuring plan should be

Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology Essay

Salmonella And Common Food Poisoning Biology Essay Food poisoning is a common problem that affects millions of people in the United States and throughout the world. Food poisoning can cause distressing and sometimes life threatening problems in humans. People that have eaten contaminated food may be symptom-free or have symptoms ranging from intestinal discomfort to severe dehydration and bloody diarrhea. The following bacteria can cause food poisoning; Campylobacter, Shigella, E.Coli, and Salmonella. The Salmonella family contains over 2,300 serotypes of bacteria. A serotype is a group of microorganism, viruses, and cells classified together based on their cell surface antigens. Salmonella is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, flagellated and motile bacterium. Salmonella is found in the gastrointestinal tract of fish, turtles, snakes, lizards, gerbils, hamsters, other rodents and humans. Infection can also be spread from person-to -person. Salmonellosis is a zoonotic disease that can spread from animals to humans. Salmonellosis can be spread by eating uncooked pork, chicken, beef, and fish. Salmonellosis can also be spread by eating contaminated food with Salmonella. Symptoms are bloody or watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, throwing-up, fever, head-ache, chills, sweats, fatigue, and a lack of appetite. If the infection is severe the individual might be given antibiotics. The risks of Salmonellosis are the loss of body fluids, dehydration, shock, and death. Remedies for Salmonellosis depe nd on symptoms. Remedies are antibiotics, rest, eating a bland diet, and drinking plenty of fluids. There are three high risk groups: infants, people above the age of 60, and people with compromised immune systems. Salmonella bacteria can also cause Typhoid Fever. Typhoid Fever can be cause by two types of Salmonella bacteria: Salmonella typhi bacteria and Salmonella paratyphi. Typhoid Fever is contracted by the ingestion of the Salmonella bacteria in contaminated food or water. Patients with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply though stool. The stool contains high concentration bacteria. Patients can be classified as Long-Term Carriers if they have a mild infection and it go unrecognized. The bacteria replicates in the gallbladder, bile ducts, or liver and passes into the bowel. The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. Symptoms of Typhoid Fever are high temperature, chest discomfort, abdomen discomfort, headaches, lethargy, poor appetite, ad diarrhea. Typhoid Fever is determined through a stool culture. Typhoid Fever is treated with Antibiotics. There are several scientists doing research on the Salmonella bacteria. There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Spaceship that may lead to vaccine against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. Scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service have developed a poultry vaccine for some strains of Salmonella in poultry. The study of how Salmonella contaminates powder infant formula has helped them to create quality assurance procedures, to help prevent contamination of Powder Infant Formula. Scientists are trying to use Salmonella as remedy for hypoxia to help the in treatment of cancer. There are a group of scientists in Morocco that did a study on food samples from Morocco to determine if the food they were eating contained Salmonella. There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Space that may lead to vaccine against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. Dr. Cheryl Nickerson has produced studies that have shown that Salmonella becomes more virulent in weightlessness environment. Salmonellas virulence can be controlled like an on and off switch. NASA started these studies because they were concerned about their astronauts being more susceptible to food poisoning due to their weakened immune systems. Weakened immune systems are due to microgravity. Researchers discovered that microgravity changes Salmonella. The scientists can use this information from space on Earth because the environment inside the intestines is similar to the weightlessness in space. Another Scientist, Professor Timothy Hammond, is pursuing a vaccine based on the genetic changes seen in the space-borne bacteria. There are a series of experiments that are being conducted abroad the International Space that may lead to vaccine against Salmonellosis from Salmonella bacteria. (Klotz, 2009) Scientists at the USDA Agricultural Research Service developed a poultry vaccine to reduce the spread Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritis) infection among flocks. S.enteritis is a serotype of Salmonella .This current epidemic is caused by egg-borne Salmonellosis. Egg-Borne Salmonellosis is caused to intact and disinfected grade A eggs because S.enteritidis infects the ovaries silently. This contaminates the hens eggs. The vaccine reduces shedding ten to forty percent more effectively than the three commercial vaccines that are currently being used. The vaccine reduces the amount of S.enteritidis that is located in the birds digestive tract that helps eliminate the pathogen shedding in the birds feces. The vaccine also eliminates the pathogen invasion of the birds internal organs. The vaccine is an experimental oil emulsion vaccine. This vaccine is different from commercial preparations because it increases specific levels of antibodies in the digestive tract which reduces the Salmone lla in the hens intestinal tract and prevents infection of eggs and disease of transmission. In this research study, the vaccine was administered to the birds subcutaneously in two doses four to six weeks apart before exposing the birds to S.enteritidis. Researchers performed strict measures to ensure that there are no other pathogens were present in the hens before and during the investigation. In the 1970s, meticulous procedures for cleaning and inspecting eggs were implemented to reduce Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis is caused by the external fecal contamination of egg shells. S.enteritidis became a public health concern in the 1980s. The pathogen invades poultry which can cause harm to the reproductive organs that can lead to contamination of the eggs. In the 1990s, scientists started to develop poultry vaccines against S.enteritidis. Currently, twenty-five million doses of S.enteritidis vaccine are used annually. (Smith, 2006) Powdered Infant Formula (PIF) is not a sterile product and may be contaminated with pathogens that can cause serious illness in infants (children aged

Parental Pressure

By: Kristin Brenner Parental Pressure = Late nights, Health risks, Confusion Why this may be occurring and strategies for elimination†¦ Some Parents Expectations: ? Adolescents should spend all or most of their time studying, instead of being able to socialize with their friends ? Adolescents should start producing good grades even at an early age of nine (Murphy, 2005) ? Adolescents should begin building Harvard-quality resumes Risks ? Mental Risks: ? Suicide The constant pressure to succeed leads to the contemplation of committing suicide o A study from Penn State University shows that out of 421 students, (227 females and 194 males) 19. 4%, contemplated committing suicide due to the enormous pressure from their parents to produce exceptional grades o Females are four times more likely to attempt suicide or a form of self-harm (Nutrition Heath Review, 1999). However, males are more likely to follow through with the act ? Identity & Self-esteem o When parents exert too much pre ssure the adolescent has limited time to explore possible furture options.Exploration is necessary to develop a healthy identity o If adolescents select their college major or future career based on parental pressure, the adolescent can develop a foreclosed identity. Foreclosure can lead to dissatisfaction during adulthood o Parental pressure can lead to lowered self-esteem, a lowered sense of assertiveness and less competence in school skills (Adams, 2001) ? Physical Risks: ? Sleep Deprivation o Parental pressure leads to physical exhaustion due to late night studying to produce good grades (Hung, 1999) ? Cheating o Parents apply a significant amount of pressure for good grades, ot knowledge, which can lead to cheating o In a survey done by Donald McCabe of over 2,100 students on over 21 campuses, one-third of adolescents attempted serious cheating on tests with half of the adolescents cheating on written assignments o Causes: Forced course load and a mentality of the need to succe ed that is instilled by some parents o Why: It is easier to cheat than continuously bear the pressure of handling the course load Where Parental Pressure Stems From: ? Parents anxiety, competitiveness, and cultural pressures (Murphy, 2005) ?Households where control is a central focus (Adams, 2001) ? Parental pressure increases as an adolescent gets older (Adams, 2001) Who Parental Pressure Affects: ? American children, parents are giving more directed academic guidance, support, and have higher educational aspirations and expectations for their children (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) ? Parents of higher socioeconomic status are more likely to expect their children to attain a higher education and higher level jobs than parents of lower socioeconomic status (Social System Influences) ?Affects children as early as age nine, with a greater number of parental pressure placed on males than females, but females are more likely to respond to the pressure (Vernal, Campbell, & Beasley) Strate gies For Adolescents To Eliminate Parental Pressure: (Price) ? Get conversation started by asking parents how their day was ? Make eye contact to show respect and make a serious impression ? Stay calm and do not overreact or interrupt, but stay open and objective ? Do not appear defensive ? Let your parents know that you feel that you can start to make some of your own decisions about your future endeavors ?Say â€Å"Thank you† no matter how the conversation ends. You need to remember that you and your parent are unique individuals and you may not always see eye to eye, so it may take numerous conversations for your point to be heard Adams, G. (2001, March 28). Pushing kids to excel often backfires, study fines. University Guelph on the web. Retrieved from http://www. uoguelph. ca/mediarel/archives/001135. html Hung, J. (1999). Surviving a year of sleepless nights. Newsweek, 134(12), 1. Moseman, J. (1999). My parents expect too much. Campus life, 58(3), 22-29. Price, S. , (n. d). How to talk to parents.Retrieved February 25, 2005, from http://www. channelone. com/news/exchange/news/2004/02/26/se_parental/ Social Systems Influences. Retrieved March 23, 2006, from http://faculty. tamucommerce. edu/crrobinson/512/socsys. htm Verna, M. A. , Campbell, J. R. , Beasley, M. (1997). Family processes, SES, and family structure differentially affect academic self-concepts and achievement of gifted high school students. American Educational Research Association Convention. (2003). Parental Pressures and Suicidal Thoughts. Nutrition Health Review: The Consumer's Medical Journa,l (85), 18.

Food Channels Culture in Pakistan

To make something palatable and delicious, all u need is some boneless chicken, some cheese, fresh cream and mushrooms, mix well and fry in plenty of olive oil. Serve in Italian crockery and garnish with French olives. Stay†¦Please doesn’t rush to the kitchen. I am only reminding you that this is the actual way of cooking, we hear these days. I am sure you all are well aware of the timings of your favorite and famous cooking shows. It is the time when every sister mother and possibly you too hang in front of TV set with a pen and note pad to note down the recipe of mouth watering dishes.By taking a U-turn from cultural Aloo Gosht, one might feel himself a part of this fashionable era. Food has always been a big part of the Pakistani culture, but with the current revolution in the means of media, the food industry in Pakistan seems to have exploded. Food is ubiquitous in Pakistan. Exclusive food channels are growing day by day which broadcast cooking shows throughout the d ay. Newspapers and magazines are filled with advertisements and recipes for food items.One might even get the impression that the Pakistanis live to eat, rather than the other way around. And yet, buried underneath this apparent feast of excesses, lies a shameful secret. Pakistan is the country where people are deprived of basic necessities of life; easy approach to food has become a misery. This is the time when the country has faced a catastrophic flood which has devastated 1/5th of the country and affected 20 million people. Food crisis are bigger then tsunami and millions of people have been starving.Still the motto of our cooking channels is â€Å"eat all; enjoy all†. The present state in which we survive, simplicity is the best policy. In the contrary the cooking channels promote extravagancy. Each program prepares three to six dishes at a time and also promotes the idea of starters and sweet dish along with the main meal. Separate meal for the children is out of questi on. By watching this, one may assume that the children are born to eat burgers, French fries, nuggets and drinks. The ingredients, used in cooking shows, compete the gold prices.Every meal starts with boneless chicken and ends up with the display of foreign crockery. The people, who can afford this, have their meals in five star restaurants or in the home, made by their cook. The rests stay desperate and heart broken. The channels claim that the way to win the goodwill of husband and in laws is through the kitchen. Obviously in a country like Pakistan nobody can deny the above statement but the question is what the husband would do when his wife will spend half of his month’s salary in her one day’s cooking experience.Ultimately the goodwill will convert to ill will. Our religion commands us to lead a simple life and Our Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) is the best example of it. Hadith says that â€Å"Who ever adopts moderation can not be bankrupt†. In the curr ent scenario Pakistan can not afford such extravagancy. Cooking shows are not inadequate if they are really earnest in training women and society in simple and positive manner. Food is a basic human right and a necessity but eating food should not be a luxury.

Essay about The Effects of Difference Perspectives on Sex

Historically throughout the earliest centuries, the term gender and sex has been a vital focus in distinguishing the overlap between gender differences. Matlin’s book, Psychology of women, explains that gender similarities of females are at most similar to men, however, considering that culture influences individual’s beliefs; women are expected to behave the way culture entitles us to (Matlin, 2008, p.8). In contrast, the book also reveals that women and men are different from one another in terms of social and intellectual skills according to biological inheritance (Matlin, 2008, p.9). These two perspectives expose valid reasons in terms of the roles that men and women play in society. Even though feminists and female psychologists imply†¦show more content†¦Men with higher levels of testosterone and muscle fat ratio are stronger than females (Incledon, 2005, p.8). Evidence shows that male subjects were 50 percent stronger than female subjects. Michael Levin , author of Feminism and Freedom points out that females are not efficient in terms of combat soldiers. As a result, women who wish to be combat soldiers are given less demanding, physical skills (York, n.d., para. 30). As an example, my aunt is a police officer, and at times her workplace gives her less demanding, physical duties for her job. She explains that this is due to low physical strength, and her weak performance at her job. Researchers from the University of Wisconsin carried an experiment in which they inserted testosterone into unborn female monkeys. Accordingly, when these female monkeys were born, they were aggressive and violent and behaved like male monkeys (Corley, 2011, para. 5). Matlin emphasizes that women are naturally caregiving through inborn characteristics, not because of the social beliefs that women act upon (Matlin, 2008, p.8). These experiments were done to understand the innate differences between males and females. Conclusion Scientific evidence makes it clear that biological and anatomical characteristics do differentiate between women and men. In particular, brain functioning and hormones in women and men influence theirShow MoreRelatedSex-Role Stereotyping Essay835 Words   |  4 Pagesgenerations, and thus, any change in them is slow. Few would argue that some differences do exist between men and women. However, are these differences significant enough to perpetuate male and female stereotypes? More importantly, do such stereotypes serve any benefit to an individual or culture? Jeanne Humphrey Block, author of Conceptions of Sex Role- Some Cross Cultural and Longitudinal Perspectives, uses the term â€Å"sex role† to describe the set of characteristics that define and differentiateRead MoreDemographic Forms Customarily Request The Gender Or Sex Of The Individual Completing The Form867 Words   |  4 PagesDemographic forms customarily request the gender or sex of the individual completing the form. 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